Guide To Spalling Bricks

Like any exterior structure, chimneys are susceptible to wear and tear over time. One of the most common problems affecting chimneys is spalling. Spalling is a process in which bricks begin to deteriorate, flake, and crumble. This issue can compromise the structural integrity of your chimney. Let’s talk about what causes spalling bricks on chimneys, how to prevent it, and how you can repair damaged bricks.

What Is Spalling?

Spalling is the process of bricks breaking and crumbling due to the wear and tear of the elements over time. In chimneys, spalling occurs when the brick’s surface flakes or chips off due to various things like moisture, weather, and environment. Spalling can affect the chimney’s overall stability, appearance, and safety. If left untreated, spalling can lead to more severe structural damage.

Common Signs of Spalling Bricks

Visible Cracks: Cracks along the brick or mortar joints can often indicate spalling in chimneys.

Flaking or Crumbling: The chimney’s bricks may start to crumble in small pieces.

Loose Bricks: Some bricks may feel loose or fall off easily.

What Causes Spalling Bricks on Chimneys?

Moisture: Chimneys are exposed to the elements year-round, making them susceptible to moisture as well as the freeze-thaw cycle. Moisture is one of the leading causes of spalling. Water can seep into the porous brick surface.

Freeze-Thaw Cycle: When temperatures drop, water trapped in the chimney’s bricks can freeze. As water freezes, it expands, causing pressure to build within the brick. This freeze-thaw cycle can lead to the outer layers of the brick cracking and breaking off.

Poor Quality Materials or Construction: Sometimes, spalling occurs due to poor-quality materials or structural instability in your chimney. If the bricks were improperly manufactured or placed, they may not have the necessary strength to withstand prolonged exposure to harsh elements. 

Natural Wear and Tear: As we discussed above, your chimney is constantly exposed to the elements leaving them vulnerable to damage without proper maintenance and care. Chimneys that are not regularly maintained or inspected are more likely to suffer from spalling. Neglecting routine maintenance and inspections can allow issues to escalate, making repairs more costly and extensive.

How to Prevent Spalling Bricks on Your Chimney

Prevention is the best way to avoid costly repairs and maintain the structural integrity of your chimney. Here are several ways you can minimize the risk of spalling in your chimney.

Routine Cleaning and Inspection: Regular chimney maintenance is essential to maintain its safety, efficiency, and structural integrity. Hire a professional chimney sweep to inspect and clean your chimney annually. Keeping up with your chimney’s routine maintenance will help catch early signs of spalling or other damage, allowing you to address them before they escalate.

Apply a Waterproof Sealant: Applying a high-quality waterproof sealant to the exterior of the chimney can help protect the bricks from moisture. These sealants form a waterproof barrier, protecting your chimney from moisture and helping avoid the freeze-thaw cycle.

Hire a Professional for Necessary Repairs

Over time, as your chimney is exposed to the elements it can begin to deteriorate in certain areas. When you notice any signs of chimney damage, call in a professional as soon as possible to evaluate the damage and schedule necessary repairs before the damage spreads or worsens.

Felgemacher Masonry & Chimney is here for all your chimney needs. If you’ve noticed signs of spalling or any other damage throughout your chimney, give us a call today to schedule your professional inspection and repairs!